Arm SVE and x86 AVX-512 both provide predicated vector execution, but their software contracts differ fundamentally: scalable vector length versus a fixed 512-bit maximum width.
AVX-512 doubles maximum vector width over AVX2 and adds masking plus a richer register model, but the fastest choice depends on instruction mix, CPU implementation and memory behavior.
AVX-512 is more than 512-bit arithmetic. Its major architectural changes include opmask predication, a larger vector register file in 64-bit mode and a family of optional feature subsets.